Hand-kissing is a kind of interpersonal and social behavior indicating the symbol of love or respect and special attention toward a person. Due to its pre-post intentions and much self-awareness, this action is regarded as a formal behavior and has a deep meaning. Its social consequences and epistemic origin have leaded it to gain a special position in Islamic teachings. Islam accepts limited, systemic hand-kissing action because it is influenced by social preferences and tendencies and also has cultural nature totally. There are two important features in Islamic teachings to confirm hand-kissing: to protect human dignity and to have a particular place in the meaning system of monotheism. Its manifestation in Muslim society during Imams' time met above-mentioned twofold conditions. However, one cannot result from historical reports and Islamic narrations that this behavior has dominated other kinds of love or respect expressions.

Hand kissing is one of non-verbal communications being common in most of cultures throughout the world. This non-verbal communication is performed in Muslim societies for older family members especially parents, rulers, social dignitaries, and religious scholars. The messages conveyed in this type of communication include the expression of gratitude, love, and obeisance. Considering the messages hidden in this kind of communication, a question raised in this paper as to what is the jurisprudential ruling of this behavior. In this case, jurisprudential analysis comes to this conclusion that hand kissing, carrying each of three above–mentioned messages, is not religiously illegal, if three following conditions are fulfilled: (a) it does not include certain Muslim prohibitions related to forbidden sexual desires, (b) it does not lead to people’s humiliation, and (c) it does not show pure obedience which God, prophets, and infallible ones deserve. If hand kissing is practiced for expression of cordiality and esteem of the believers, it can be recommended. Furthermore, it can be religiously unlawful if its omission leads to harassment, humiliation, or braking the heart of the believers that kissing their hands is conventional.

Kissing someone's hand and its ruling is one of the issues that has always been discussed and debated among the followers of religions, especially in the present age and with the expansion of the media, it has become more serious. Since there is no extensive and integrated research conducted on this issue, the question about the ruling of hand kissing is an issue that will need to be explored in order to reach the stage that a good answer is found. From the Imamiyah's point of view, hand kissing is makrooh, except for the honor of a scholar, master, father etc. There are two viewpoints among the Sunnis: According to the first viewpoint, hand kissing is absolutely makrooh, and the owner (of the religion) and many of his follower have taken this view. According to the second viewpoint, all of the Sunni sects (Hanafi, Shafe'ei, Hanbali, and a group of Malekiyah) have elaborated this issue and, in their views, hand kissing for religious purposes (such as knowledge, asceticism, justice, honor, merit, adultness) is permissible or it is mustahab, and therefore it is permissible to kiss the hand of the scholar, the righteous man, the just ruler, and so on. Shafe'ei jurists also state that it is mustahab to kiss the hand of Sadats who are the children of Hazrat Fatima (s)-because of the honor of the family-but it is makrooh to kiss the hand because of worldly issues(such as wealth, status, etc. ). Narratives have always been the main reason for those who believe in the permissibility or non-permissibility of hand kissing which of course, based on some of the arguments, the narratives that indicate the permissibility of the hand kissing-in terms of quantity, quality, and implication-are preferable to the narratives that indicate the sanctity of the hand kissing. In addition to hand kissing, kissing on the cheeks, forehead, eyes, glabella, face, head, etc., is also permissible. This study has been carried out with the aim of recognizing the arguments and explaining the ruling of hand kissing, which based on most of Imamiyah jurists, including Hanafiyah, Shafe'ei, Hanbaliyah and a group of Malekiyah, is considered permissible for religious purposes.

Introduction: An aberrant carotid artery has distinct terms and may exhibit a submucosal mass in the posterior pharyngeal wall. While it is primarily asymptomatic, an extreme aberrancy doubles the risk of dissection, a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and an injury intraoperatively. Case Report: We report a case of ‘, kissing carotid artery’,in a 65-year-old lady who presented with a foreign body sensation felt in the throat for one week. A finding of flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (FNPLS) showed a bilateral paramedian retropharyngeal pulsating mass. Radiological examinations, including Computed Tomography (CT) of the neck and an angiogram, revealed an aberrant course of bilateral carotid arteries. In view of no malignancy and vascular malformations, there was no further intervention done, and the patient was subjected to yearly surveillance. Conclusion: Retropharyngeal carotid arteries are clinically significant anatomic variants. Such anomalies are potentially life-threatening and a risk factor for a severe hemorrhage during the simplest and commonly performed transoral surgeries. Thus, thorough perioperative assessment with accurate imaging techniques and studies are required to evaluate these anomalies and may avoid any disastrous complications.

In the worldwide medical literature, only one case of inlet patch shows a kissing pattern on endoscopy. This article describes a 69-year-old female patient who came to the Gastroenterology Clinic, Rohani Hospital, Babol Medical University (Iran) for an examination for indigestion. Endoscopy showed two polyps in the background of a maroon patch just below the upper esophageal sphincter, oppositely positioned in view of the kissing pattern, and extending into muscular mucosa and regional lymph nodes. There was no A polyp biopsy was performed and, on histological evaluation, there was heterotopic cardiac gastric mucosa. Since heterotopic gastric mucosa can be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, careful examination of the proximal esophagus increases the likelihood of detecting an inlet patch.

Cleft hand deformity is a rare congenital anomaly of the hand with an incidence rate about 1.90000. It has two clinical types; Typical and Atypical. In this paper we are representing ten cases of this anomaly admitted during seven years from 1992 in Emam Khomeinie hospital. Some of the patients especially those with typical cleft hand deformity achieved good functional results after surgical correction of the deformity. In the younger age group we observed better functional results.

One of the important raised matters and subjects in the poem and Persian literature specially in two styles and schools of Azarbaijani and Hendi are public culture and believes and matters and the forms of life of people, that because of not complete and enough research about them and the short age of resources in description and interpretation of them, result in different and sometimes false apprehension. One of these cases is interpretation of " the feather of bread" and the kissing of bread, that came in two bits of Khaqani and the masters that deal to description of poem of Khaqani, mean it little finy and thin piece of bread or border of bread and in the interpretation of "the kiss of woman look like the feather of bread" or "kissing look like feather of bread," considered actor the person, but in our view" the feather of bread" means the bouquet of the feather of the bird that closed by a string, and in the past specially in the village areas that person cooked bread in their home, knocked it to the paste of bread for sketching it, and in the interpretation of kissing of the feather of bread, in our view, the actor of adjective in the form of the metaphor of Maknie from the kind of recognition, is the feather of bread, that the act of knocking of it on the paste and touching with it, interpreted as a kiss.

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Hand Static Rest Splint on reducing the pain and other compliance of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: In the present clinical trial, 12 patients, aged 35-50 (average: 39 years) with RA, referring to the Occupational Therapy Unit of Taleghani hospital and meeting America College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, were included. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was administered and swelling, tenderness and morning stiffness were assessed. Moreover, assessments of active range of motion using goniometry and grip strength with Jamar dynamometer in both hands were performed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using t-test and Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples and willcoxon tests and paired t-test for paired samples run in SPSS, version 18. The level of significance was set at p˂ 0. 05. Results: The findings showed that the Static Rest Splint led to improvement in the wrist range of motion (flexion p=0/005, extension p=0/03) when the two groups were compared, but it did not have a significant effect on Morning Stiffness (p=1), pain (p=0/1), Swelling (p=0/06), and Tenderness (p=0/2). However, when compared between after and before intervention in hand with splint, pain (p=0/02) and wrist range of motion (p=0/004) improved. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, and since using splints only improve range of motion in the wrist compared between two groups and pain relief before and after the intervention, it seems that using hand Static Rest Splint to reduce other symptoms need further investigation and also given that the use of this position without stress on the tendon can be effective in reducing the causes deformity, further studies are needed to more delineate these points.

In patients with infective endocarditis affecting the aortic valve, a major complication may occur in a mechanism of direct extension of an infected jet of aortic regurgitation striking the ventricular surface of the anterior mitral leaflet. We present a 36-year-old male with infective endocarditis of the bicuspid aortic valve, who developed a secondary infection complicated by a Mitral valve leaflet kissing abscess.

The term histiocytosis refers to a group of idiopathic clinical entities characterized by diffuse proliferation of mature histiocytes associated with tumorlike masses of foamy reticuloendothelial cells containing lipoid droplets with variable number of eosinophiles & connective tissue. This cells causes tumorlike masses in the bones and other vicera in the body thus it may have very different clinical signs & symptoms. Also it may have acute and fulminant form or chronic and slowly progressive.We have an interesting case with multiple organ involvement and chronic otitis media with granulation in the external audiotory canal and perforation of tympanic membrane. The patient was three years old with diabets insipidus and visceral involvement such as hepato-splenomegaly. Histologic diagnosis was Hand Schuller Christian disease.